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TELEGRAPHIO APPARATUS.

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J. A. PARKER & L. L. SUMMERS. TELEGRAPHIG APPARATUS. No. 487,154. Patented Nov. 29, 1892.

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TELBGRAPH IG APPARATUS.

No. 487,154. Patentd NOV. 29 1892.

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Patented Nov. 29, 1892.

TELEGRAPHIU APPARATUS.

(N0 Mode all n IINiTEo STATES PATENT Curios.

JOSIAH A. PARKER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, AND LELAND L. SUMMERS,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS; SAID SUMMERS ASSIGNOR TO SAID PARKER.

TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,154, dated November 29, 1892.

Application filed January 2'7, 1891. Serial No- 3'79.308. (No, model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOSIAH A. PARKER, of

the city of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri,

and LELAND L. SUMMERS, of Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, have invented certain new Improvements in Telegraphic Apparatuses, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanyingdrawings, forming part thereof.

This invention has particular reference to V the use of machines, both as transmitters and receivers, having devices approximating the Bartholomew stenograph short-hand machine; but equivalent devices may be used.

By the use of our apparatus letters or other messages may be dictated and transmitted to and from stations in the same buildingor city or at a greater distance and recorded at the receiving-office or at both transmitting and receiving office. We do not limit our invention, however, to any special use; but claim it for any purpose for which it or any essential part of it is adapted.

Letters Patent have been granted to Jos ah A. Parker for the stenoelectric transmitter having divarioate circuit closing and breaking keys. We make no claim herein for the same per se.

The novelties will be set forth in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure I is a diagrammatic view of four sections, illustrating the application of the improvement thereto. Fig. II is a plan view of the selecting and synchronizing device, and Fig. III is a side view of the same. Fig. IV is a detail side elevation of the drum-revolving magnet. Fig. V is a front elevation of contact-points, showing switch and return path for the brush. Fig. VI is a diagram showing, on enlarged scale, the positive and negative contact-points. Fig. VII is an enlarged detail view showing a contactbrush in connection with one of the contactposts. Figs. VIII, IX, X, and XI are detail perspective views showing certain movable contact-points in different positions. Fig. XI is an elevation of some of the partsshown in the last-named figures. Fig. XII is a diagram of apparatus at one station. Figs. XIII, XIV, XVI, and XVII are plans, and Fig. XV

a side elevation, all showing modifications of the transmitting-keys and contacts.

1 is a wire grounded at 2 and having two branches 3 and 4 with batteries 5 and 6, adapted to produce, respectively, a positive or negative current from the ground, a positive current passing in said direction through the branch wire 3 and battery 5.

7, 7n. 1 c and 7 are posts carrying insu lated conducting-blocks 8 and 9. The positive wire 3 connects with the blocks or pieces 8, and the negative wire 4 connects with the blocks or pieces 9. (See Figs. V and VI.)

The transmitter-keys are of metal and are of the keys carry electric contact-brushes l5,

which as the key is depressed at the outer end rub the contacts 8 9 from bottom to top.

16 is a spring-switch curved toward the post 7 7*, 850., at the upper end 17. The construction is such that the brush at its highest point passes between the face of the post and the end 17, when the end springs inward beneath the brush, and the brush passes down the outer side of the switch till it reaches its lower end, when it springs into the post ready for another upward effective stroke. (See Fig. V, where the brush is seen in its lower and normal position.) The keys are fulcrumed on a metal support 18, from which extends a Wire 19.

20 is the line-Wire connected with a binding-post 21. The binding-postcarriesaswitchkey 22, which is used to connect the line-wire either with the grounded wire 23 to cut out the transmitter at that station or with the wire 19, in the latter case connecting the linewire with the transmitter, as seen in diagrams A and C, Fig. I.

2a is a polarized relay of the Siemens type in the line-wire 20. This relay is so arranged that the armature 25 is inactive when a positive current is sent along the Iine-wire,.the armature being drawn to the insulated contact 26, while a negative current throws the armature 25 to its front stop 61, closing circuit 64, and the armature remains in this position until another positive on rrent. releases it.

27 is a compound polarized relay in the line- Wire, Whose armature 28 is drawn to the pole 29 when a positive current is sent through the line-wire. This position of the armature 28 is shown in Fig. IX and in station A, Fig. I, the normal position of the armature being shown in Fig. VIII and in station E, Fig. I. This closes the circuit 31, having a local battery 32 and having in it a relay 33. The armature 34 of this magnet carries a scapefork 35, whose teeth 36 play on the angular teeth 37 of the star-wheel 38 and cause its rotation the distance of one tooth for each descent of the armature, one half of the movement being made during the descent and the other on the ascent. The ascent of the forked end of the armature is caused by a spring 39. (See Fig. IV.) The wheel 38 is fast upon the arbor-shaft 40 of the roller 41, the roller being capable of turning on the shaft.

42 is a frame fast to one end of the roller and having a flat circular head 43 with a stud 44 upon its outer face.

In the space between the head 43 and the end of the rolleris a disk 45, that is fast upon the shaft 40.

46 is a pad interposed between the disk and the head 43. (See Fig. 11.)

47 is a spring forcing the head 43 against the pad and the latter against the disk, so as to cause the formal rotation of the roller with the star-wheel, but allowing the roller to be slipped back in restoring the rollers at the different stations. The roller41 has five pins or studs set on a spiral line upon the face of the rollerat regularcircumferential distances. Thus the movement of the wheel 38 the distance of one tooth brings stud 48 to the top. A second like movement brings stud 48 to the top, another movement stud 48 another 48, and another 48 the others having in turn been carried past the apex. (See Fig. II.) The roller 41 and'the studs 48 48 ,850., are of metal and are in connection by a brush 49 with one end of a wire 50, having in circuit a battery 51 and a number of relays 52, 52, 52*, 52, and 52. From each of these magnets a separate branch wire 53 extends to one of a set of five insulated brushes on the armature 54 of a relay 55. These brushes are numbered 56, 56, 56", 56, and 56. They are over the roller 41 and in a normal position are above the level of the studs 48 48, the, so that as said studs are turned up by the rotation of the roller they do not come in contact with the bru hes. When, however, an electric current passes through the wire 57 of the relay 55, the brushes are drawn down and the proper brush comes in contact with either of the st uds 48, (be, which may be at the apex, no connection being made between the brushes and the other studs. The result is that the required one of the relays 52 52, &c., is put in circuit and its armature 58 descends. Each of the armatures 58 carries at its free end 59, 59, 59 59, or 59 a (lash, point, or other sign adapted to make an impression in a paper ribbon 60, that is automatically moved forward beneath the points. The points are in a row transverse to the paper ribbon, so that each has its particular place upon the ribbon, transversely considered. For instance, the point 59 makes an impression nearest to one edge and the point 5b nearest to the other edge and the other points at places intermediate and equidistant.

To return to the transmitterand station A: Suppose the key 14 has been depressed. The brush 15 upon it first comes in contact with the lower contact 8 upon post 7 and a positive current is established through battery 5 and the line-wire, the roller 41 is moved one space to bring the stud 48 to the top, the brush 15 then touches the second contact 8, and the roller 41 moves another step and stud 48 comes to the top. The position of the roller 41 is such that on the proper connection being made the point 59 will make its impress in the paper ribbon. As the brush 15 continues to rise it comes in contact with the lower one of the contacts 9 upon the post 7 and a negative current is established through the battery 6 and the line-wire. This draws the armature 25 into the position shown in Diagrams O and D, Fig. I, and in contact with the post 61, and draws the armature 28 to the pole 30 into the position shown in Fig.Xand in Diagrams G and D, Fig. I, which pushes over the arm 62 and makes connection from the arm 62 to the post 63. This establishes a local current through battery 57 and wire 57, whose ends are connected, respectively, to arm 62 and post 63 and which has the relay 55 in line, and thus the brushes 56 56 &c., are drawn down, as before explained,and the impression is made by the proper point, as 59, upon the paper ribbon.

64 is a wire having its ends respectively connected to the armature 25 and post 61 and having in line a battery 65 and relay 66. The relay has-an armature 67,\vhose end 68 iscurved upward and has at the side next the magnet an insulating-block 69. (See Figs. VIII, IX, X, and XI.) As the free end 68 of the armature moves toward the magnet 66 the insulatingblock 69 strikes the cross-bar 62 of the arm 62 and its motion is arrested, the parts taking the position seen in Fig. X. The impression has now been made on the paper ribbon, and it still remains to feed the ribbon forward and restore the roller 41 to its normal position. As the brush'15 continues to ascend it comes in contact with the insulator upon the post 7 and electric connection with the line-wire is broken at that. point. The retracting-spring 70 now draws back the arm 62 from the post 63 and allows the end 68 of the armature 67 to interpose itself between the cross-bar 62 and the post 63, for it will be seen that .the armature 25 will not have broken connection with the contact 61, and the relay 66 will still be active and drawing the armature toward the magnet-coil. As the ascent of thebrush 15 brings it in contact with the upper contact 9 a negative current is repeated on the line-wire and the armature 28 is again drawn against the cross-bar 62 of the arm 62, forcing itinto the position seen in Fig. XI, the end 68 of the armature 67 being interposed between the cross-bar 62 and the post 63.

When the parts are in the position seen in Fig. X, the cross-pin of the arm 62 is in contact with the cross-pin of the post 63; but when the end 68 of the armature 67 is interposed between the cross-bar 62 and the post, as just stated, neither the end 68 of the armature nor the cross-pin of arm 62 are in contact with the post 63, so that the post is cut out when the parts are in the position seen in Fig. XI, together with all of the wire 57 not used by the circuit 72, and also the battery 57 upon the cut-out part of wire 57. A current is now established through the battery 71, relays 73 and 74, the wire 72, and the part of the wire 57 between the end of the wire 72 and the arm 62, the remainder of the wire 57 and battery 57 as just stated, being cut out by the insulation of the post 63. The relay 73 actuates the roller 75 by which the paper ribbon is fed, the armature 76 carrying at the free end a pawl 77 that acts on a ratchet-wheel 78, attached to the feed-roller, the pawl acting by an upward movement upon the teeth of the ratchet-wheel, the upward motion being given to the armature by a spring on the breaking of the circuit 72. The relay 74 actuates the synchronizing device and the current of circuit 72 passes through the coil or helix of the said relay. The armature 79 extends over the stud 44, so that as the armature is drawn down by the magnet it carries the stud roller or drum 41 back into its normal position with all the contact-studs 48 48", 850., from beneath the brushes 56 56 &c., and in such a position that the first positive current on the line-wire will bring the stud 48 beneath the brush 56. The Wheel 38 does not turn backward with the roller 41; but on the backward turn of the roller the disk 45 slips upon the friction-pad 4b. The foregoing-described movements take place for each impression made upon the paper ribbon and leaves the apparatus in position for making another impression as another of thekeys 10 11., &c., is pressed down.

The switch 22 in stations A and C, Fig. I, is in a position for sending a message, but not for receiving a message, as there is no ground connection. This connection is made by connecting the switch-arm 22 with the ground-wire 23, thus cutting out the transmitter and establishing ground connection with the line-wire at 80, Diagram B or D, Fig. I. The line-Wire is grounded at this a switch-arm 81.

point by To cut out the recording apparatus at station B or D, the line-wire at such station is disconnected from the ground-wire 80.

82 is a switch by which the transmitter of stations B or D may be cut out or thrown in connection with the line-wire. AtstationsiB and D the transmitter is cut out.

In order to make spaces between the words, the ribbon-feed is operated without making any impression upon the ribbon. This is done by means of a key 10"-, whose brush 15 plays on the contact-blocks 9 of a post 7 which has upon it no blocks 8, so that the movement of the key 10 causes no positive current to be sent, and for this reason the studs 48, &c., are out of the course of the brushes 56, &c., and the impression-armatures 58 are not moved.

It will be understood that by means of the system or apparatus above described a person may dictate a letter or other matter, which will be recorded at any other station desired, the various receiving-stations being supplied with switches by which either their transmitting or recording devices may be connected with or disconnected from the other stations, and thus any station may have private communication with any other station by a rapidwriting device with electric connections at the transmitting-station and the described recorder at the receiving-station and by means of a single line-wire.

We have shown devices by which the method may be carried out, but do not desire to confine ourselves to the exact devices shown, as the arrangement of relays at the receivingstation and the manner of rotating the rollers 41 and 75 and other details may be readily varied by an expert electrician without essential change in the principle of the invention.

We purpose to use the Bartholomew signalphabet or other alphabet on the same p rinciple, where the number and position of the impressions upon the paper ribbon indicates the letter or figure. Now it will be seen that generally more than one impression must be made in the same transverse line, and to accomplish this it will be necessary to depress more than one of the keys at once. This will cause no difficulty, as all of the keys that are depressed will make simultaneous contact withthe lower one of the contact-blocks 8, and the first one of the keys that makes contact with one of the reverse or negative current blocks 9 will cause the impression appropriate to thatkey. Then as anotherkey reaches another of the lower blocks 9 the impression appropriate to that key will be made, and so on. Thus any one, two, or more of the five impressions may be made in a straight transverse line on the ribbon, for it will be seen that the impression will be made each time a key-brush 15 makes contact with one of the lower reverse-current blocks; but the ribbon is not moved nor the roller 41 turned back until contact is made with one of the top reverse-current blocks 9.

IIO

In order that the above system may be carried out, the lower block 9 on the post 7 is placed at a lower level than the second block 8 upon the post 7 and the lower block 9 upon the post 7 placed at a lower level than the third block 8 upon the post 7", and so on. To illustrate, suppose keys 11 and 13 to be simultaneously depressed the brushes 15 reach the two lower contacts 8 simultaneously and a single positive current is sent over the line, the roller 41 is turned,and stud 48 brought in position for contact. The brush 15 of key 13 then touches the lower negative contact-block 9 on post 7, and the first negative current brings down contact-brushes 56, &c., closing circuit 51 and causing marker 59 to mark the ribbon, the ribbon not moving as yet. The brush of key 13 now passes up the insulatingsurface of post 7, while the brush of key 11 makes contact with four positive contactblocks 8. Each time contact is thus made roller 41 moves one step until the stud 48 is in position for contact. The brush of key 11 next reaohesthe lower or first negative contact-block 9, thus causing marker 59 to re cord. As brush 11 leaves the lower contact 9 and rests against insulation circuit is broken and armature 54 ascends. Brushes of both keys next reach upper contact 9 simultaneously, and the ribbon is moved forward and the roller 41 restored to its normal position by local circuit 72.

The posts 7 7, &c., are shown and described as upright; but it is obvious that this position is not essential, as the brushes 15 may be arranged to move in any direction. The construction shown is believed to be the simplest and best.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. XIII the keys 11 12 13 14: are separate, each acting on the contacts 8 9 of a separate post, and in this case the construction and electric connection are the same in the posts of each pair having similar reference-numbers. Thus it is immaterial whether the like finger of the right or left hand is used. To explain: Supposing either key 11 should be depressed, the contacts of one of the similar posts 7 would be thrown into circuit, while if either of the keys 14 should be depressed one of the similar posts v7 would be used, the number and character of the electric impulses being the same whichever of the keys having a like character is depressed. The reference-numbers in the modification are as far as feasible the same as in the main construction shown in Figs. I to XII.

In the modification shown in Figs. XIV and XV each key carries a spring-pawl 83, that engages a ratchet-wheel 8-1 upon a shaft 85, car- .rying a spur-wheel 86, engaging a spur-pinion 87 on a shaft 88, carrying a wheel 39, that has a number of contact-blocks 8 and 9 at its periphery separated by insulators 90. These blocks are like the blocks of the same designation upon the posts, respectively, in electric communication with batteries 5 6, sending the same manner as upon the contact-posts,

the Wheel 89 having the blocks and insulators arranged in two series each like those of post 7 89, like those of post 7 89 like those of post 7 &c. The wheel shown in elevation will thus be equivalent to post 7, having a positive-current block 8, followed by a negative-current block 9 with an insulating-surface 90, extending about one-third around the wheel, and another negative-current block near at the end of the stroke.

In the modification shown in Fig. XVI the keys 11 12 13 I-t are shown of U form, each provided with a single extension that may carry the pawl 83. In this case there is only one contact-wheel, as S9, for each of the twoended keys 11 12 13 14 and one wheel each for the thumb-key 10 and distance-key 10.

In the modification shown in Fig. XVII the keys 11 12 13 14 are separate; but the two keys of a kind are arranged to act as a singlebrush key 15. The case may be the thumbkey 10 and distance-key 10, having separate brush-levers 15 These brush-levers work on fulcrums at 18 and rule against the faces of contact-posts 7 7 7 7 7 as before described, relative to the brushes 15, of which they are the equivalent.

\Ve claim as our invention-- 1. The combination, in an electric telegraph, of keys or pairs of keys arranged for the thumbs and corresponding fingers of both hands, so that either of the thumbs or either of the corresponding fingers by action upon its proper key shall produce the same result as the thumb or corresponding finger of the other hand, and electric contacts varying in number for each key or pairs of keys, and a single line wire for connection with such electric contacts, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination'of two or more keys adapted to make and break electric circuit, contacts of one polarity varying in number and of anotherpolarity varying in relative position in the path of keys, a single line-wire, and necessary electrical energy, battery, or dynamo, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the divaricate keys adapted, respectively, for the thumbs and like fingers of the two hands, an electric contactbrush on each key, distinct electric contactpieces 8 for each key in the path of the brushes and varying in number for the several keys, ground or equivalent connection to the contact-pieces 8, a battery, and a line- .wire inelectric connection with all the keys, substantially as set forth. i

4:. The combination of the divar-icate elecline-wire in electric connection with all the keys, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

' 5. The combination of two or more keys adapted to make and break electric circuit, distinct contact-pieces 8 for each key in the path of brushes upon the keys, a battery with ground or equivalent connection, connected with the contact-pieces, a line-wire connected to the keys, a roller 41 with corn tact-studs 48 48, an escapement actuating the roller, a relay in connection with the line- Wire and actuating the escapement, brushes 56 56*, adapted for contact with the studs, and impression-armature s 58 of relays connected with the brushes 56, &c.,and studs 48, 850., by a local circuit and battery, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In an electric telegraph using a single line-wire, the combination of two or more transmitting-keys, a contact-brush on each key, a series of electric contacts of varied polarity for each key in the course of the brush, the different series having an equal number of the contacts 9 of one polarity and an unequal number of the contacts 8 of the other polarity, the contacts 8 of the series having the smaller number being in the same relative position to the key as an equal number of the like contacts of the larger series and one of the contacts 9 of the opposite polarity in the smaller series being intermediate in relative position between two of the contacts 8 of thelarger series, so thatthe brushes of the keys depressed simultaneously and equally will unite in giving the same impulses until the contact of the opposite polarity of the smaller series is reached, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. The combination of two or more sets of contact-pieces 8 9, the sets having a variable number of the pieces 8 in connection with an electric battery sending a positive current and pieces 9 in connection with a battery sending a negative current, two or more keys having brushes adapted for contact with the pieces 8 9, and a single line-wire connected to the several keys and through the keys with the contact-pieces, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination, with two or more sets of contact-pieces 8 9, the sets having a variable number of the pieces 8 in connection with a battery sending a positive current and the pieces 9 in connection with the battery sending a negative current to the line, two or more keys, each key having an electric contactbrush playing upon one of the sets of contactpieces only, a single line-wire in connection with the keys and through the keys with the contact-pieces, a polarized magnet 24 in the line acting only with a negative current, and a compound polarized magnet 27in the line acting with both positive and negative currents, a roller 41, having studs 48 48 48 48 48 arranged as set forth, the described means for turning the roller forward step by step and backward by a. single movement, the movable brushes 56 56 56 56 56, and relays 52 52 52" 52 52 with impression-armatures 58, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

9. The combination, in an exchange telegraph system, of a central exchange, transmitting-instruments having each key or pairs of keys arranged for the thumbs and corresponding fingers of both' hands, so that either of the thumbs or either of the corresponding fingers by its action upon its proper key shall produce the same result as the thumb or corresponding finger of the other hand, electric contacts varying in number for each key or pair of keys, a single line-wire for connection with such electric contacts, and suitable receiving-instruments, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. The combination, in an exchange telegraph system, of a single line-wire extending to all the stations, transmitting devices having two or more keys adapted to make and break electric circuit, contacts of one polarity varying in number in the series of contacts for each key, each series having contacts of another polarity varying in relative position in the different series, suitable receiving-instruments, and necessary electrical energy, battery, or dynamo, substantially as set forth.

11. In a system of telegraphy over a single line-wire using keys adapted to be pressed down simultaneously, an interlacing arrangement of electrical contacts by which no two signals are completed at the same time and one series of contacts does not conflict with the other series, although the parts of one may be parts of another, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination, in a telegraph system having a number of stations, of a single linewire extending to all the stations,a transmitting device having a number of keys each adapted to send a varying number of impulses of opposite polarity along the line-wire by a single movement of the key, a selecting device actuated by the impulses of one polarity, and a recording device thrown into circuit with said selecting device by the impulses of the opposite polarity, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination, in a telegraph system having a number of stations. of a single linewire extending to all the stations, a transmitting device having a number of keys each adapted to send a varying number of impulses of opposite polarity along the line-wire by a single movement of the key, a selecting device actnated by the impulses of one polarity, a normally-open local circuit having within it said selecting device and being closed by ,ble drum or cylinder having contact-pins 48 48, &c., rotated by the impulses of one polarity in the main line, the local circuit 57, the relay 67, actuated to close said circuit 57 by the impulses of the opposite polarity in the main line, the relay 55, having" the contactbrushes 56 56*, 850., actuated by circuit 57 to contact with said pins 48 48, 850., the recording-relays having connection With said contact-brushes, and the local circuit 51, including within it the said brushes, cylinder, and recording-relays, substantially as set forth.

JOSIAH A. PARKER. LELAND L. SUMMERS.

In presence of- SAML. KNIGHT, A. M. EBERSOLE. 

